Structural and Optical Properties of Cadmium Sulfide-doped Silver Deposited on Glass and Polymer Substrates by Chemical Spray Pyrolysis
Abstract
This process of this paper is carried out using thechemical spraying method to produce homogeneous thin films ofpure cadmium sulfide-doped with silver at different percentagesof 1%, 3%, and 5% on glass and polyimide plastic substrates at300°C. The aim is to study the optical and structural properties of the samples and the effect of the silver doping rate on films producedwith these properties. Due to X-ray diffraction studies, all filmscreated had a hexagonal phase, and it was noticed that they had avery precise structure free of holes or cracks. The obtained crystalsize ranged between 22.74 nm and 55.05 nm for different substrates, and the prominent plane was (002). From the optical properties, all films exhibited transmission higher than 60%, thus showing a lowabsorption, which makes them be used as light-permeable layers in the Solar Cell system. In addition, emission peaks were revealed by photo luminescence spectra examination at wavelengths ranging between (542.94 nm) and (546.02 nm), which led to calculate the energy gap (Eg). of the produced films, ranged between (2.27 eV) and (2.28 eV) for the different substrates.
Downloads
References
AHMED, A. A. A., AL-HESNI, N. M., AL-OSTA, A. H., AL-SALMI, M. L., MANSSOR, K. A., SALEH, M., AL-ASBAHI, B. A., QAID, S. M., GHAITHAN, H. M. & FAROOQ, W. J. O. 2021. Influence of single and dual doping (Ag and Co) on the optical properties of CdS quantum dot thin films for solar application. 246, 167824.
AN, B.-G., KIM, H.-R., CHANG, Y. W., PARK, J.-G. & PYUN, J.-C. J. J. O. T. K. C. S. 2021. Photosensors-based on cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanostructures: a review. 58, 631-644.
BARON, A., MOHAMMED, K. & ABOOD, M. J. C. L. 2021. The role of Ag layer in the optical properties of CdS thin film. 18, 585-588.
BORA, J., BORTHAKUR, A., ARANDHARA, G. & SAIKIA, P. J. T. S. F. 2021. Effect of Ag doping on the optical and structural properties of CdS/polyvinyl alcohol thin films by thermolysis process. 734, 138847.
DESHMUKH, S., KHERAJ, V. & PANCHAL, A. J. M. T. P. 2018. Preparation of nanocrystalline CdS thin film by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. 5, 21322-21327.
FARAJ, M., IBRAHIM, K. & SALHIN, A. J. M. S. I. S. P. 2012. Fabrication and characterization of thin-film Cu (In, Ga) Se2 solar cells on a PET plastic substrate using screen printing. 15, 165-173.
FARAJ, M., PAKHURUDDIN, M. & TABOADA, P. J. J. O. M. S. M. I. E. 2017. Structural and optical properties of cadmium sulfide thin films on flexible polymer substrates by chemical spray pyrolysis technique. 28, 6628-6634.
IKHMAYIES, S. J. 2020. Advances in Energy Materials, Springer International Publishing.
ISLAM, M., HOSSAIN, M., ALIYU, M., CHELVANATHAN, P., HUDA, Q., KARIM, M., SOPIAN, K. & AMIN, N. J. E. P. 2013. Comparison of structural and optical properties of CdS thin films grown by CSVT, CBD and sputtering techniques. 33, 203-213.
KAKHAKI, Z. M., YOUZBASHI, A., SANGPOUR, P., NADERI, N. & OROOJI, Y. J. M. S. I. S. P. 2022. Influence of Cd salt concentration on the photoconductivity of CdS thin films prepared by chemical bath technique. 148, 106773.
MAHMOOD, W., ALI, J., THOMAS, A., ULLAH AWAN, S., JACKMAN, M., HAQ, A.-U., HASSAN, M. U. & SHAH, N. A. J. O. M. 2018. Role of Ag1+ substitutional defects on the electronic and optical properties of n-type CdS thin films semiconductor for sustainable and stable window layer in solar cells technology. 85, 143-152.
MANTHRAMMEL, M. A., SHKIR, M., SHAFIK, S., ANIS, M. & ALFAIFY, S. J. J. O. M. R. 2020. A systematic investigation on physical properties of spray pyrolysis–fabricated CdS thin films for opto-nonlinear applications: An effect of Na doping. 35, 410-421.
MENSAH, M. B., AWUDZA, J. A., REVAPRASADU, N. & O'BRIEN, P. J. M. S. I. S. P. 2021. Synthesis of CdS and PbS nanoparticles by the thermal decomposition of ethyl xanthate complexes in castor oil using the heat-up technique. 122, 105493.
MOHAMMED, I., GUBARI, G. M., SONAWANE, M. E., KASAR, R., PATIL, S. A., MISHRA, M. K., KUTWADE, V. V. & SHARMA, R. J. A. P. A. 2021. Influence of pH on the physical properties of CdS thin film and its photosensor application. 127, 1-10.
NAZIR, A., TOMA, A., SHAH, N. A., PANARO, S., BUTT, S., RAJA, W., RASOOL, K., MAQSOOD, A. J. J. O. A. & COMPOUNDS 2014. Effect of Ag doping on opto-electrical properties of CdS thin films for solar cell applications. 609, 40-45.
OJEDA-BARRERO, G., OLIVA-AVILÉS, A., OLIVA, A., MALDONADO, R., ACOSTA, M. & ALONZO-MEDINA, G. J. M. S. I. S. P. 2018. Effect of the substrate temperature on the physical properties of sprayed-CdS films by using an automatized perfume atomizer. 79, 7-13.
RAHMAN, M., HOSSAIN, J. & ISMAIL, A. B. M. J. S. A. S. 2020. Structural, surface morphological and optical properties and their correlation with the thickness of spin coated superior quality CdS thin film synthesized using a novel chemical route. 2, 1-9.
SHABAN, Z. M., KHLATI, J. A., KHADAYEIR, A. A., HABUBI, N. F. & CHIAD, S. S. Structural, Morphology and Optical properties of Ag-doped Nanostructured CdS thin films. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021. IOP Publishing, 012063.
SHKIR, M., ASHRAF, I., ALFAIFY, S., EL-TONI, A. M., AHMED, M. & KHAN, A. J. C. I. 2020a. A noticeable effect of Pr doping on key optoelectrical properties of CdS thin films prepared using spray pyrolysis technique for high-performance photodetector applications. 46, 4652-4663.
SHKIR, M., ASHRAF, I., CHANDEKAR, K. V., YAHIA, I., KHAN, A., ALGARNI, H., ALFAIFY, S. J. S. & PHYSICAL, A. A. 2020b. A significant enhancement in visible-light photodetection properties of chemical spray pyrolysis fabricated CdS thin films by novel Eu doping concentrations. 301, 111749.
SHKIR, M., ASHRAF, I., KHAN, A., KHAN, M. T., EL-TONI, A. M., ALFAIFY, S. J. S. & PHYSICAL, A. A. 2020c. A facile spray pyrolysis fabrication of Sm: CdS thin films for high-performance photodetector applications. 306, 111952.
SHKIR, M., KHAN, Z., ANIS, M., SHAIKH, S. & ALFAIFY, S. J. C. J. O. P. 2020d. A comprehensive study of opto-electrical and nonlinear properties of Cu@ CdS thin films for optoelectronics. 63, 51-62.
TAGHIZADEH CHARI, F., FADAVIESLAM, M. J. O. & ELECTRONICS, Q. 2019. Microstructural, optical and electrical properties of CdS thin films grown by spray pyrolysis technique as a function of substrate temperature. 51, 1-16.
VALENCIA, D. E. J. & BAENA, O. J. R. Portland Cement Clinker Formation: High Temperature Equilibria and Phase Composition Prediction. TMS 2015 144th Annual Meeting & Exhibition, 2015. Springer, 879-886.
VISHWAS, M., SHAMALA, K. & GANDLA, S. B. J. J. O. O. 2022. Comparison of optical properties of CdS thin films synthesized by spray pyrolysis and thermal evaporation method. 1-5.
WADA, H. 2022. Preparation of Functional Nanoparticles by Laser Process in Liquid and Their Optical Applications. High-Energy Chemistry and Processing in Liquids. Springer.
YADAV, A., BAROTE, M. & MASUMDAR, E. J. S. S. S. 2010. Studies on nanocrystalline cadmium sulphide (CdS) thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis. 12, 1173-1177.
YANG, F., TIAN, X., ZHANG, K., ZHANG, X., LIU, L. J. E. J. O. S. S. S. & TECHNOLOGY 2018. The morphology–property effect and synergetic catalytic effect of CdS as electrocatalysts for dye-sensitized solar cells. 7, P311.
Copyright (c) 2023 Niaz H. Hamad, Mohammad G. Faraj, Akram H. taha

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY-NC-SA 4.0] that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).