Peperites

Insight into the Submarine Eruptions within Walash Volcanosedimentary Group, Mawat Area, Iraqi Kurdistan Region

Keywords: Mawat, Paleocene, Peperite, Primitive Arc, Volcanic Arc, Walash

Abstract

Peperites are volcanosedimentary materials generated by the mingling of magma and unconsolidated wet sediments. They have unique insights into submarine volcanisms and the tectonic environments where they form. For the 1st time, the authors identified two types of peperites (blocky and fluidal) hosted by micritic limestone rocks in the Walash Volcanosedimentary Group of the Mawat area, Kurdistan Region-Iraq. They are designated as peperitic facies one and two (PF1 and PF2) and consist of black basaltic rocks mixed with chocolate-brown micritic limestone rocks. Their abundance demonstrates the contemporaneity of deep marine sediment deposition and submarine volcanism during Walash’s nascent arc. Despite hydrothermal alteration, the basaltic rocks retained their magmatic textures. Basaltic rocks comprise mainly albite, anorthite, diopside, hematite, and alkali-feldspar. Calcite dominates micritic limestone rocks, while quartz is minor. Based on geochemical data, igneous sections are basaltic rocks with tholeiitic series that are strongly enriched in Light Rare Earth Elements with low concentration ratios of (La/Yb) and (Sr/Y), indicating geochemical affinity to normal island arc basalt with a primitive arc signature. Furthermore, their formation is thought to be caused by partial melting of subducted slabs deep within 30 km and the associated derived fluids above the subducted slab. Thirteen species of planktonic foraminifera (Morozovella) are identified through paleontological research and biostratigraphy. Using these various tools lead the authors to illustrate the tectonic setting of the formation of peperitic rocks in arc fronts of the subducted Walash arc during the Middle to Late Paleocene (60 Ma).

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Author Biographies

Jabbar M. A. Qaradaghi, Department of Geology, College of Science, Sulaimani University, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region–F.R, Iraq

Jabbar M. A. Qaradaghi is a lecturer at the Department of Geology, College of Science, Sulaimani University. He got the B.Sc. degree in Geology, the M.Sc. degree in Igneous Petrology and Mineralogy, and currently he is  a Ph.D. student in Igneous Petrology. His research interests are in volcano-sedimentary rocks, Subduction zone geochemistry, volcanic arcs, basaltic rocks, peperites, and granitic rocks. Mr. Jabbar Qaradaghi is a member of the European VIPS Commission and the EIT RawMaterials Academy.

Tola A. Merza, Department of Geology, College of Science, Sulaimani University, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region–F.R, Iraq

Dr. Tola  A. Mirza is a Professor at the department of Geology, University of Sulaimani. She got the BSc. Degree in Geology, the MSc. degree in Industrial Rocks and Minerals, and PhD. Degree in Ore Geology. Her research interests are in Ore Geology, Geochemistry of Igneous and Metamorphic rocks and Minerals, Industrial Rocks and Minerals. Dr. Tola is a member of Iraqi Geological Society and Kurdistan Geological Society since 1992.

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Published
2023-11-22
How to Cite
Qaradaghi, J. M. A. and Merza, T. A. (2023) “Peperites: Insight into the Submarine Eruptions within Walash Volcanosedimentary Group, Mawat Area, Iraqi Kurdistan Region”, ARO-THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF KOYA UNIVERSITY, 11(2), pp. 157-179. doi: 10.14500/aro.11363.