Optimizing a Compact Ring Coupler with Neural Network Modeling for Enhanced Performance in Radio Frequency Applications

Sobhan Roshani; Salah I. Yahya; Bita Najafi; Ali Jadidian; Mohsen Karimi; Saeed Roshani

doi:10.14500/aro.11948

Sobhan Roshani Department of Electrical Engineering, Ker.C., Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5088-499X
Salah I. Yahya (1) Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Koya University, Koya; (2) Department of Computer Technology Engineering, College of Technical Engineering, Al-Hadba University, Mosul, F.R. - Iraq 46017, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2724-5118
Bita Najafi Department of Computer Engineering, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah 6718997551, Iran https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7844-7996
Ali Jadidian Department of Computer Engineering, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah 6718997551, Iran https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6803-7693
Mohsen Karimi Department of Electrical Engineering, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah 6718997551, Iran https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9245-4013
Saeed Roshani Department of Electrical Engineering, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah 6718997551, Iran https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4024-2755

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14500/aro.11948

Keywords: Harmonic suppression, Hybrid ring coupler, Microstrip, Neural Network, Optimization, Radio frequency

Abstract

This paper presents the design and optimization of a compact 900 MHz hybrid ring coupler using lumped reactive components, aimed at achieving harmonic suppression and size reduction for Radio Frequency (RF) applications. Traditional hybrid ring couplers rely on quarter-wavelength transmission lines, resulting in large size device and limited harmonic rejection. To address these challenges, a novel coupler structure was developed that replaces long transmission lines with composite branches, significantly reducing device dimensions while enhancing performance. In the proposed coupler, instead of the six conventional 90-degree lines, six compact networks composed of microstrip lines, three inductors, and one capacitor are used. The inductors have values of L₁, L₁, L₂, and the capacitor has a value of C. These four parameters significantly influence the coupler’s performance; thus, they were selected as inputs for the applied neural network, with the scattering parameters S₁₁, S₁₂, S_13, S₁₄, and frequency considered as the five output parameters. The dielectric constant (Ɛᵣ) of the substrate is 2.2, and the substrate material is RT/duroid 5880 with a thickness of 20 mils. By feeding the neural network model with these parameters as inputs, the coupler’s output response was predicted and analyzed, enabling the selection of optimal component values. Optimal responses were obtained with L₁ = 10.1nH, L₂ = 2.3nH and C = 2.1pF, which allows the coupler to operate effectively at 900 MHz. At this operating frequency, the values are S₁₁ = −32.6dB, S₁₂ = −3.05dB, S₁₃ = −3.03dB, and S₁₄ = −45.9dB, indicating excellent coupler performance.

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Author Biographies

Sobhan Roshani, Department of Electrical Engineering, Ker.C., Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran

Sobhan Roshani is an Assistant Professor at the ‎Department of Electrical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran. He got the B.Sc. degree in Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran, the M.Sc. degree in Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran and the Ph.D. degree in, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. His research interests are in switching power amplifiers, optimization and neural networks, artificial intelligence, and microwave circuits. Dr. Sobhan was the Head of Young Researchers and Elite Club, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah Branch in 2021-2022.

Salah I. Yahya, (1) Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Koya University, Koya; (2) Department of Computer Technology Engineering, College of Technical Engineering, Al-Hadba University, Mosul, F.R. - Iraq 46017, Iraq

Salah I. Yahya is a Professor at the Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Koya University, Koya, Iraq. Also, he is an associate researcher at Al-Hadba University. He has a B.Sc. degree in electrical engineering, M.Sc. degree in electronics and communication engineering, and Ph.D. degree in communication and microwave engineering. He is a consultant at the Iraqi Engineering Union. Dr. Yahya is a senior member of the IEEE-USA and a member of AMTA-USA and SDIWC-Hong Kong. His research interests include antennas, microwaves, EMW propagation, numerical dosimetry, microwave passive component design, and ANN.

Bita Najafi, Department of Computer Engineering, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah 6718997551, Iran

Bita Najafi, born in 2002 in Kermanshah, is currently pursuing her Bachelor's degree in Computer Engineering (Software) at Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah Branch, which she began in 2021. Her research interests and activities primarily focus on web development and artificial intelligence.

Ali Jadidian, Department of Computer Engineering, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah 6718997551, Iran

Ali Jadidian, born in 2002 in Kermanshah, is currently pursuing her Bachelor's degree in Computer Engineering (Software) at Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah Branch, which he began in 2021. his research interests and activities primarily focus on web development and artificial intelligence

Mohsen Karimi, Department of Electrical Engineering, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah 6718997551, Iran

Mohsen Karimi received both his Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees in Electrical and Electronic Engineering from Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran. He completed his Bachelor’s studies from 2015 to 2019, followed by his Master’s studies from 2019 to 2022. His academic background and research interests lie in advanced electrical and electronic systems, microwave devices, and RF circuit design.

Saeed Roshani, Department of Electrical Engineering, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah 6718997551, Iran

Saeed Roshani is an Associate Professor at the ‎Department of Electrical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran. He got the B.Sc. degree in Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran, the M.Sc. degree in Iran Shahed University, Tehran, Iran and the Ph.D. degree in, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. His research interests are in microwave circuits, passive and active devices, neural networks and artificial intelligence. Dr. Saeed was the Head of Faculty of Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah Branch in 2018-2019.

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Optimizing a Compact Ring Coupler with Neural Network Modeling for Enhanced Performance in Radio Frequency Applications

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