Skin Temperature Distribution over Human Head Due to Handheld Mobile Phone Call using Thermal Imaging Camera

  • Yazen A. Khaleel Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Koya University, Danielle Mitterrand Boulevard, Koya KOY45, Kurdistan Region http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5658-1164
  • Salah I. Yahya (1) Department of Communication and Computer Engineering, Cihan University-Erbil; (2) Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Koya University, Danielle Mitterrand Boulevard, Koya KOY45, Kurdistan Region http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2724-5118
  • Rahel Kh. Ibrahim Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Koya University, Danielle Mitterrand Boulevard, Koya KOY45, Kurdistan Region http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1242-747X
Keywords: Apple iPhone 7 Plus, Huawei P20 Pro, Bioheat transfer equation, Mobile phone, Specific absorption rate

Abstract

The possible biological hazards due to the mobile phone electromagnetic (EM) field exposure are caused mainly by a temperature rise in tissue. Hence, the calculation of temperature in tissue may be more realistic than the calculation of specific absorption rate (SAR) due to the more direct relationship between temperature and safety. The heat transfer to human tissue due to a phone call is caused by a combined effect of conductive heat transfer caused by the basic non-microwave-related activity of the mobile phone and the absorption of the microwave. This paper investigates the role of heat transfer in living tissue due to thermal conduction. This is achieved using a thermal imaging camera to measure and map the skin temperature distribution over human head due to mobile phone EM emission. Two commercial mobile phone brands, that is, Apple iPhone 7 Plus and Huawei P20 Pro, are used at 1800 MHz cellular connection and approximate radiated power of 0.125 W to measure the skin temperature over human head at both, cheek and tilt position for 6 and 30 min calls. The results show that in spite of the direct proportion between the deposited SAR and temperature increase in human tissues, the heat transfer due to thermal conduction may not directly proportional to the SAR, where other factors may play important roles, for example, mobile phone chassis material, heated battery, antenna location inside the mobile phone, and mobile phone position in close proximity to head.

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Author Biographies

Yazen A. Khaleel, Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Koya University, Danielle Mitterrand Boulevard, Koya KOY45, Kurdistan Region

Yazen A. Khaleel is an assistant professor; he is an academic staff member in the department of Software Engineering - Faculty of Engineering at Koya University. In 1995 He got his B.Sc. degree in electrical and electronics engineering. He has MSc degree in Signal processing and PhD degree in Electronics and Digital Signal processing. He is a member in Iraqi Engineers syndicate and in Kurdistan Engineering Union. Dr. Yazen has (9) published Journal articles and (3) conference papers.

Salah I. Yahya, (1) Department of Communication and Computer Engineering, Cihan University-Erbil; (2) Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Koya University, Danielle Mitterrand Boulevard, Koya KOY45, Kurdistan Region

Salah I. Yahya is a Professor (Full), joined the department of Software Engineering at Koya University in 2010. He has a B.Sc. degree in Electrical Engineering, an M.Sc. degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering and a Ph.D. degree in Communication and Microwave Engineering. He is a consultant engineer and a senior member of the IEEE-USA and AMTA-USA. Prof. Yahya has many published research articles in high quality journals and he presented many conference papers. His current research interests include antenna design, numerical RF dosimetry, MW measurement and MW components design. Prof. Yahya is a regular reviewer of the Electromagnetics Academy, Cambridge, USA, PIERS Journals publications, since 2009, Science and Engineering of Composite Materials journal and International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics.

Rahel Kh. Ibrahim, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Koya University, Danielle Mitterrand Boulevard, Koya KOY45, Kurdistan Region
Rahel Khalid Ibrahim was born in Erbil/Iraqi Kurdistan in 1973. He obtained B,Sc degree from Civil Engineering department/Salahaddin University in 1996, M,Sc from the department of Civil engineering/EGE University Izmir/Turkey in 2001 and a Ph.D. degree from the Department of Civil and Structural Engineering/University Kebangsaan Malaysia in 2013. Currently, he is Director of Research Center and Assistant Prof. at Civil Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Koya University.

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Published
2019-12-28
How to Cite
Khaleel, Y. A., Yahya, S. I. and Ibrahim, R. K. (2019) “Skin Temperature Distribution over Human Head Due to Handheld Mobile Phone Call using Thermal Imaging Camera”, ARO-THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF KOYA UNIVERSITY, 7(2), pp. 63-68. doi: 10.14500/aro.10596.