Preparation and Characterization of Green Fe3 O4 Nanoparticle Using the Aqueous Plant Extract of Gundelia tournefortii L.

Keywords: Green synthesis, Gundelia tournefortii L., leaf extract, Fe3 O4 nanocomposite, Characterization

Abstract

In this work, the magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NPs) synthesized using a simple, fast, and environmentally acceptable green approach. Gundelia Tournefortii Extract, an aqueous plant extract, was used for the first time in green synthesis to prepare nanoparticles as reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents. Such biomolecules as flavonoids, alkaloids, and antioxidants are found in the aqueous leaf extract, and their presence has been determined to have an important role in the synthesis of Fe3O4-NPs. The techniques used in this analysis include Fourier Transform Infrared, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, Transmission Electron Microscopy, and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer. The Vibrating Sample Magnetometer demonstrated that the samples were superparamagnetic, with a magnetization value of 48.6 emu/g. The prepared nanoparticle was applied to  remove Chrystal Violet (CV), Malachite Green(MG), and Safranin (S) dyes from prepared aqueous solutions with the adsorption capacity of 13.9, 15.6, and 14.4 mg/g respectively.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Aveen F. Jalal, Department of Chemistry, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region - F.R. Iraq

Aveen F. Jalal is an Assistant Lecturer at the Department of Chemistry, College of Education; Salahaddin University-Erbil. She got the B.Sc. degree in Chemistry, the M.Sc. degree in Analytical Chemistry and now she is Ph.D. student in Analytical Chemistry. Her research interests are in analytical chemistry, green chemistry, removal and determination of heavy metal ions, removal of organic compounds, and flow injection Analysis. Aveen is a member of Kurdistan Chemistry Syndicate.

Nabil A. Fakhre, Department of Chemistry, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Nabil A. Fakhre is a Professor at the Department of Chemistry, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil. He got the B.Sc. degree in Chemistry, the M.Sc. degree in Analytical Chemistry and the Ph.D. degree in Analytical Chemistry. His research interests are in analytical chemistry, removal of heavy metal ions, removal of organic compounds, derivative spectroscopy, green chemistry, and flow injection analysis. Dr. Nabil is a member of Kurdistan Chemistry Syndicate and the Iraqi Chemical Society.

References

Abdurrahman, F.B., Akter, M. and Abedin, M.Z., 2013. Dyes removal from textile wastewater using orange peels. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 2, pp.47-50.

Adebowale, K.O., Olu-Owolabi, B.I. and Chigbundu, E.C., 2014. Removal of safranin-O from aqueous solution by adsorption onto kaolinite clay. Journal of Encapsulation and Adsorption Sciences, 4, p.89.

Ahmadi, S., Fazilati, M., Mousavi, S.M. and Nazem, H., 2020. Anti-bacterial/fungal and anti-cancer performance of green synthesized Ag nanoparticles using summer savory extract. Journal of Experimental Nanoscience, 15, pp.363-380.

Ahmadi, S., Fazilati, M., Nazem, H. and Mousavi, S.M., 2021. Green synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles using Satureja hortensis essential oil toward superior antibacterial/fungal and anticancer performance. BioMed Research International, 2021, p.8822645.

Alzaidi, J., Alzahrani, E. and El-Mouhty, N., 2016. Chemical studies on the preparation of magnetic nanoparticles coated with glycine and its application for removal of heavy metals. Oriental Journal of Chemistry, 32, pp.1503-1513.

Amutha, S. and Sridhar, S., 2018. Green synthesis of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle using leaves of Glycosmis mauritiana and their antibacterial activity against human pathogens. Journal of Innovations in Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, 5, pp.22-26.

An, S., Liu, X., Yang, L. and Zhang, L., 2015. Enhancement removal of crystal violet dye using magnetic calcium ferrite nanoparticle: Study in single-and binary-solute systems. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 94, pp.726-735.

Ardelean, I.L., Stoencea, L.B.N., Ficai, D., Ficai, A., Trusca, R., Vasile, B.S., Nechifor, G. and Andronescu, E., 2017. Development of stabilized magnetite nanoparticles for medical applications. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2017, p.6514659.

Awwad, A.M. and Salem, N.M., 2012. Agreen and facile approach for synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles. Nanoscience and nanotechnology, 2, pp.208-213.

Barzinjy, A.A., Abdul, D.A., Hussain, F.H. and Hamad, S.M., 2020. Green synthesis of the magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticle using Rhus coriaria extract: A reusable catalyst for efficient synthesis of some new 2-naphthol bis-Betti bases. Inorganic and Nanometal Chemistry, 50, pp.620-629.

Bibi, I., Nazar, N., Ata, S., Sultan, M., Ali, A., Abbas, A., Jilani, K., Kamal, S., Sarim, F.M. and Khan, M.I., 2019. Green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using pomegranate seeds extract and photocatalytic activity evaluation for the degradation of textile dye. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 8, pp.6115-6124.

Da’na, E., Taha, A. and Afkar, E., 2018. Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles by Acacia nilotica pods extract and its catalytic, adsorption, and antibacterial activities. Applied Sciences, 8, p.1922.

Desalegn, B., Megharaj, M., Chen, Z. and Naidu, R., 2019. Green synthesis of zero valent iron nanoparticle using mango peel extract and surface characterization using XPS and GC-MS. Heliyon, 5, p.e01750.

Deshmukh, A.R., Gupta, A. and Kim, B.S., 2019. Ultrasound assisted green synthesis of silver and iron oxide nanoparticles using fenugreek seed extract and their enhanced antibacterial and antioxidant activities. BioMed Research International, 2019, p.1714358.

Elwakeel, K.Z., El-Bindary, A., El-Sonbati, A. and Hawas, A.R., 2017. Magnetic alginate beads with high basic dye removal potential and excellent regeneration ability. Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 95, p.807-815.

Fayazi, M., Afzali, D., Taher, M., Mostafavi, A. and Gupta, V., 2015. Removal of Safranin dye from aqueous solution using magnetic mesoporous clay: Optimization study. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 212, pp.675-685.

Hajizadeh-Sharafabad, F., Alizadeh, M., Mohammadzadeh, M.H.S., AlizadehSalteh, S. and Kheirouri, S., 2016. Effect of Gundelia tournefortii L. extract on lipid profile and TAC in patients with coronary artery disease: A double-blind randomized placebo controlled clinical trial. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 6, pp.59-66.

Ibrahim, G.I., Jalal, A.F. and Ibrahim, B.M., 2013. Evaluation of antioxidant activity, phenolic, flavonoid and ascorbic acid. Tikrit Journal of Pure Science, 18, p.3.

Kanagasubbulakshmi, S. and Kadirvelu, K., 2017. Green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using Lagenaria siceraria and evaluation of its antimicrobial activity. Defence Life Science Journal, 2, pp.422-427.

Khan, T.A., Ali, I., Singh, V.V. and Sharma, S., 2009. Utilization of fly ash as low-cost adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue, malachite green and rhodamine B dyes from textile wastewater. Journal of Environmental Protection Science, 3, p.11-22.

Khattri, S. and Singh, M., 2009. Removal of malachite green from dye wastewater using neem sawdust by adsorption. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 167, p.1089-1094.

Khattri, S. and Singh, M., 2012. Use of Sagaun sawdust as an adsorbent for the removal of crystal violet dye from simulated wastewater. Environmental Progress and Sustainable Energy, 31, pp.435-442.

Kyi, P.P., Quansah, J.O., Lee, C.G., Moon, J.K. and Park, S.J., 2020. The removal of crystal violet from textile wastewater using palm kernel shell-derived biochar. Applied Sciences, 10, p.2251.

Lam, S.S., Liew, R.K., Wong, Y.M., Yek, P.N.Y., Ma, N.L., Lee, C.L. and Chase, H.A., 2017. Microwave-assisted pyrolysis with chemical activation, an innovative method to convert orange peel into activated carbon with improved properties as dye adsorbent. Journal of Cleaner Production, 162, pp.1376-1387.

Mohammed, M., Ibrahim, A. and Shitu, A., 2014. Batch removal of hazardous safranin-O in wastewater using pineapple peels as an agricultural waste based adsorbent. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 2, pp.128-133.

Nehaba, S.S., Abdullah, R.H., Oda, A.M., Omran, A.R. Mottaleb, A.S., 2019. Evaluation of the efficiency of tea waste powder to remove the Safranin O dye compared to the activated carbon as adsorbent. Oriental Journal of Chemistry, 35, p.1201.

Nejati-Koshki, K., Mesgari, M., Ebrahimi, E., Abbasalizadeh, F., Fekri Aval, S., Khandaghi, A.A., Abasi, M. and Akbarzadeh, A., 2014. Synthesis and in vitro study of cisplatin-loaded Fe3O4 nanoparticles modified with PLGA-PEG6000 copolymers in treatment of lung cancer. Journal of Microencapsulation, 31, pp.815-823.

Ramesh, A., Rama Devi, D., Mohan Botsa, S. and Basavaiah, K., 2018. Facile green synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. for efficient adsorption of methylene blue. Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies, 6, pp.145-155.

Saleh, H.I., 2017. Green Synthesis of Magnetite Nanoparticles using Myrtus communis L. Grown in Egypt, Egypt. Saleh, H.I., 2020. Green Synthesis of Magnetite Nanoparticles using Myrtus communis L. Grown in Egypt, Egypt. Sari, I. and Yulizar, Y., 2017. Green Synthesis of Magnetite (Fe3O4) Nanoparticles using Graptophyllum pictum Leaf Aqueous Extract. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, IOP Publishing, United Kingdom, p.012014.

Shojaee, S. and Shahri, M.M., 2016. Green synthesis and characterization of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles using Shanghai white tea (Camelia sinensis) aqueous extract. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 8, pp.138-143.

Sobh, R.A., Nasr, H. and Mohamed, W.S., 2020. Synthesis and characterization of magnetic sponge nanocomposite for cleaning archeological lime stones. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 63, pp.507-514.

Sravanthi, K., Ayodhya, D. and Swamy, P.Y., 2019. Green synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of 4-nitrophenol reduction and formation of benzimidazoles using bentonite supported zero valent iron nanoparticles. Materials Science for Energy Technologies, 2, pp.298-307.

Yew, Y.P., Shameli, K., Miyake, M., Kuwano, N., Khairudin, N.B.B., Mohamad, S.E.B. and Lee, K.X., 2016. Green synthesis of magnetite (Fe 3 O 4) nanoparticles using seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) extract. Nanoscale Research Letters, 11, pp.1-7.

Yusefi, M., Shameli, K., Yee, O.S., Teow, S.Y., Hedayatnasab, Z., Jahangirian, H., Webster, T.J. and Kuča, K., 2021. Green synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles stabilized by a Garcinia mangostana fruit peel extract for hyperthermia and anticancer activities. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 16, p.2515.

Zhang, Q., Zhang, T., He, T. and Chen, L., 2014. Removal of crystal violet by clay/PNIPAm nanocomposite hydrogels with various clay contents. Applied Clay Science, 90, pp.1-5.

Zhen, G., Muir, B.W., Moffat, B.A., Harbour, P., Murray, K.S., Moubaraki, B., Suzuki, K., Madsen, I., Agron-Olshina, N. and Waddington, L., 2011. Comparative study of the magnetic behavior of spherical and cubic superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 115, pp.327-334.

Published
2021-12-01
How to Cite
Jalal, A. F. and Fakhre, N. A. (2021) “Preparation and Characterization of Green Fe3 O4 Nanoparticle Using the Aqueous Plant Extract of Gundelia tournefortii L.”, ARO-THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF KOYA UNIVERSITY, 9(2), pp. 58-63. doi: 10.14500/aro.10843.