Comparative Quality Analysis between Tap Water and Bottled Water

A Case Study of Koya City in Iraq

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14500/aro.10870
Keywords: Dissolved oxygen, Total dissolved solid, Electrical conductivity, Potential hydrogen, Total alkalinity

Abstract

Recently, bottled water consumption has been increasing significantly, even when the quality of tap water is considered excellent, which contributes to plastic pollution. Besides, reducing the use of plastic generally is recommended world widely, as its consumption is in an alarming rate. Therefore, this study aims to compare the tap and bottled water and manifest the reasons behind choosing the bottled water, which is less comfortable and often more expensive over the tap water. In this study, samples have been taken from both bottled and tap water in Koya city from November 2020 to May 2021 to test their quality using PH, DO, EC, and TDS meter, hardness was determined by complexometric titration method at 21°C, and XRF spectrometers. According to the quality standards, most of the variables were in a permissible range, except for dissolved oxygen and Aluminum content in both types of water and TDS for two types of bottled water. However, the quality of tap water was much safer to be used, as compared with the bottled water. 

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Author Biographies

Hanaa A. Muhammad, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University, Kurdistan Region - F.R. Iraq

Hanaa A. Muhammad is an Assistant lecturer at the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University. She got the B.Sc. degree in Geology, the M.Sc. degree in Contaminant Hydrogeology- Remediation. Her research interests are in Sustainability, Remediation, and water treatment. Hanaa is a Quality Assurance officer at her faculty.

Khalid N. Sediq, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University, Kurdistan Region - F.R. Iraq

Khalid N. Sediq is a Lecturer at the Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University. He has got the B.Sc. degree in Physics, the M.Sc. degree in Optics and Laser and the Ph.D. degree in Photonic crystal nanocavities. His research interests are in Photonics, Plasmonic, and Nanotechnology.

Kwestan H. Sdiq, Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region - F.R. Iraq

Kwestan H. Sdiq is a lecturer at the Department of Medical microbiology, College of Health Science, Hawler Medical University. She got her B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in Biology, Ecology and Pollution. Her research interests are in environmental nano technology, microbial  Biotechnology and molecular biology.

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ARO Journal: Volume 9, No. 2 (2021)
Published
2021-11-08
How to Cite
Muhammad, H. A., Sediq, K. N. and Sdiq, K. H. (2021) “Comparative Quality Analysis between Tap Water and Bottled Water: A Case Study of Koya City in Iraq”, ARO-THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF KOYA UNIVERSITY, 9(2), pp. 42-45. doi: 10.14500/aro.10870.
Issue
Vol. 9 No. 2 (2021): Issue Seventeen
Section
Articles

Copyright (c) 2021 Hanaa A. Muhammad, Khalid N. Sediq, Kwestan H. Sdiq

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