Micropollutant Control in Wastewater Treatment:

Hanaa A. Muhammad; Hikmat M. Masyab; Bakhtyar A.  Othman; Yaseen N. Mahmood

doi:10.14500/aro.11661

Hanaa A. Muhammad Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University, Koya, KOY45, Kurdistan Region - F.R. Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4854-4301
Hikmat M. Masyab Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University, Danielle Mitterrand Boulevard, Koya KOY45, Kurdistan Region – F.R. Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7819-3637
Bakhtyar A. Othman Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region - F.R. Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7421-1597
Yaseen N. Mahmood Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University, Danielle Mitterrand Boulevard, Koya KOY45, Kurdistan Region – F.R. Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3735-6903

Keywords: Biotransformation, Denitrification, Micropollutant, Nitrification, Wastewater treatment

Abstract

Micropollutants, an array of organic compounds such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and agrochemicals, are pervasive in contemporary ecosystems, posing significant threats to environmental health even in trace concentrations. Therefore, exploring an efficient and effective technique to remediate these pollutants is essential. Nitrification–denitrification (ND) have emerged as one of the most sustainable treatment methods that effectively mitigate micropollutants while facilitating their biotransformation. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the intricate interactions fundamentally and mechanically between the ND process and the influencing factors, such as dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and pH optimization, which are vital to the success of micropollutant biotransformation. Insights gained from this examination contribute to a deeper understanding of microbial strategies, which offer potential avenues for sustainable environmental management and the protection of ecosystem integrity.

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Author Biographies

Hanaa A. Muhammad, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University, Koya, KOY45, Kurdistan Region - F.R. Iraq

Hanaa A. Muhammad is a Lecturer at the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University. She got the B.Sc. degree in Geology, the M.Sc. degree in Contaminant Hydrogeology—Remediation. Her research interests are in sustainability, remediation, and water treatment.

Hikmat M. Masyab, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University, Danielle Mitterrand Boulevard, Koya KOY45, Kurdistan Region – F.R. Iraq

Hikmat M. Masyab is an Assistant professor at the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and health, Koya University. He got the B.Sc. degree in Biology, the M.Sc. degree in Biology/botany, and the Ph.D. degree in Biotechnology. His research interests are in Biotechnology, Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering.

Bakhtyar A. Othman, Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region - F.R. Iraq

Bakhtyar A. Othman is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University, Kurdistan Region, F.R. Iraq. He has a B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in biology and a Ph.D. degree in ecophysiology. His research interests include environmental pollution, water and soil physico-chemical assessments, and eco-physiological research.

Yaseen N. Mahmood, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University, Danielle Mitterrand Boulevard, Koya KOY45, Kurdistan Region – F.R. Iraq

Yaseen N. Mahmood is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University, Kurdistan Region, F.R. Iraq. He has a B.Sc. degree in plant production, an M.Sc. degree in plant physiology, and a Ph.D. degree in plant biochemistry and metabolism. His research interests include botany and plant biochemical Phytochemical and Metabolism. He is a member of Swedish Iraqi Studies Network SISNET. and International Friendship Organization (IFO).

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Micropollutant Control in Wastewater Treatment

A Review of Harnessing Nitrification and Denitrification Biotransformation of Micropollutant

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