Withania Somnifera: Correlation of Phytoconstituents  with Hypolipidemic and Cardioprotective Activities

Subasini  Uthirapathy; Tara F. Tahir

doi:10.14500/aro.10844

Subasini Uthirapathy Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Kurdistan Region - F.R. Iraq http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1250-388X
Tara F. Tahir Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University, Kurdistan Region - F.R. Iraq http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9298-4569

Keywords: Antioxidants, Cardiac markers, Gas chromatography–mass spectrometer, Isoproterenol, Lipid, Triton WR 1339

Abstract

Withania somnifera (WS) (Dunal) or Ashwagandha is a well-known hypolipidemic herb and antioxidant. In this study, 75% ethanolic extract of WS is attempted to evaluate the cardioprotective activity of isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity and hypolipidemic activity in Triton WR 1339-induced hyperlipidemia. In addition,
phytochemical evaluation of the same extracts analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometer (GC–MS). This study found that 7 days of therapy with WS extracts at 1000 mg/kg b.wt. reduced cholesterol by 76%, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by 71%, and TAG by 12% (P < 0.05). Furthermore, it can significantly reduce cholesterol and LDL levels (P < 0.05). Similarly, the use of 50 mg/kg b.wt. of WS extract showed a cardioprotective effect against isoproterenol-induced cardiac toxic rats. The antioxidants glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase are increased in WS extract (P < 0.05), whereas the release of cardiac indicators in heart tissue is reduced (P < 0.05). Furthermore, a 30-day treatment with WS also reduced triacylglycerol in isoprenaline-induced cardiotoxic rats. GC–MS analysis of the methanol fraction of the Ashwagandha 70% ethanolic extract showed the presence of higher concentrations of fatty acids. In conclusion, WS showed hypolipidemic and cardioprotective activities in diseased animals induced by isoproterenol and Triton WR 1339.

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Author Biographies

Subasini Uthirapathy, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Kurdistan Region - F.R. Iraq

Subasini Uthirapathy is an Asst. Professor at the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University. She got the B.Pharm., and M.Pharm., a degree in Dr. M.G.R Medical University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, and the Ph.D. degree in Pharmacology and Toxicology. Her research interests are cardiovascular disease, molecular pharmacology, and Toxicology in animal models. Dr. Subasini Uthirapathy is a member of the Indian Biomedical Scientists.

Tara F. Tahir, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University, Kurdistan Region - F.R. Iraq

Tara Fuad Tahir is a lecturer teaching in the Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Health at Koya University, Kurdistan Region, F.R. Iraq. She got a B.Sc. degree in Chemistry, M.Sc. degree in Analytical Chemistry and a Ph.D. degree in Environmental Electroanalytical Chemistry. She is a member of the Executive Editorial Board of ARO-The Scientific Journal of Koya University. Her research interest includes sensors, spectroscopic application, Electroanalytical techniques.

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